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Kubva pakatanga budiriro,

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masimba echisikigo nezvido zvevamwari

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akatonga pamusoro pevanhu.

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Asi makore 2,500 apfuura,

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vanhu vakawana shanduko huru.

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Pakarepo, pakava nemikana mitsva.

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Ino inguva apo uchenjeri hunokunda mashura nekutenda.

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Iyi itsika isingavimbi nevamwari.

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Nyika yava kutsanangurwa maererano nemasimba emusikirwo.

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Isu tave nemhosva yezvatichada.

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Mamiriro ezvinhu pasi rose

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yakamutsa chiono chine chishuvo chezvingagona kuitwa nevanhu,

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inotungamirwa nevatatu vetrailblazers.

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Socrates, Confucius uye Buddha -

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great thinkers kubva kunyika yekare

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vane pfungwa dzichiri kuumba hupenyu hwedu pachedu.

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Kupfuma chinhu chakanaka here?

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Unogadzira sei nzanga yakarurama?

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Ndinorarama sei hupenyu hwakanaka?

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Nekushinga kufunga zvisingafungidzike,

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vakavaka nheyo dzenyika yedu yanhasi.

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Ndakagara ndichibatwa nepfungwa yekuti varume ava,

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vaigara zviuru nezviuru zvemamaira zvakaparadzana,

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zvaingoitika zvoga

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uye mukati memakore zana emumwe nemumwe,

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kuti ndiuye nepfungwa dzakasimba dzakadai.

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Saka chii chaiitika?

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Ndinoda kuongorora mazano avo echimurenga -

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kuti vanzwisise kuti chii chakaita kuti vafambe.

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Panguva ino, Socrates.

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Zvinofadza kwazvo,

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kufungidzira pfungwa huru idzi huru dzingadai dzakaitwa ipapo!

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Akanga ari musoja ane hushingi muhondo

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akafananidzwa neushingi hunopisa hwepfungwa dzake.

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Socrates akakurudzira vagari biyake

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kuongorora zvine mutsindo chikamu chose chehupenyu hwavo.

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Ko munhu ane ruzivo nenzira huru anoziva zvese here?

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- Hauzive? 
- Handizive. Ndinorega! Ndinorega!

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Ndichagara munyika yake,

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kuongorora kuti huzivi hwake hwekupandukira

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akapikisa kutenda mashura kwakanga kwatonga kwezviuru zvemakore...

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..uye kuona kuti kutsvaga kwake chokwadi sei

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zvakakonzera kuwa kwake.

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Muna 469 BC.

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Socrates akaberekwa, mwanakomana wanyamukuta uye muvezi wematombo,

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kuita guta riri pakati pekushanduka-shanduka.

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Akakurira muruwa rweAtene,

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pamwero weziso neinoera Acropolis dombo.

49
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Asi Socrates muduku angadai asina kutarira kunze

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pamusoro pemitsara inoyevedza yeTemberi yeParthenon,

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chiratidzo chakaisvonaka ichocho chebudiriro yokuMadokero

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zvichiri kudada nanhasi.

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Pane kudaro, angadai akamuka mangwanani ega ega kune zvinotyisa -

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zvisaririra zvakasviba uye zvakatsva zvezvivako zvakatambudzwa nehondo.

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Guta rake raiva nemavanga ekurwisana kunotyisa

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nesimba guru renharaunda yacho, Persia.

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Asi, zvinopesana nezvinopesana, Atene yakanga yakunda,

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makore gumi chete Socrates asati aberekwa.

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Zvino, zvakaratidza mune izvo vamwe vanodana "chishamiso chechiGiriki" -

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zera rendarama.

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Kutengeserana kwaiwedzera kwakazadza nharaunda yacho nepfuma itsva

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uye zvakanyanya, nemazano matsva.

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Asi pfungwa huru yaizoumba upenyu hwaSocrates muduku

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yaiva yeAtene chete -

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nokuti pano, makore akapoteredza 508 BC,

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democracy, simba revanhu, rakazvarwa.

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Hunenge husiku,

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vese vagari vechirume vakura vakawana kuti vaisangoshandira nyika -

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ndivo vaive nyika.

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Iwe haugone kusimbisa zvakanyanya

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izvi zvinofanira kunge zvainakidza sei zvemagetsi.

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Varumewo zvavo vaisarudzwa zvisina tsarukano pamujenya

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kubata mahofisi epamusoro-soro -

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zvakaenzana nekuva Musoro weHofisi Yekune dzimwe nyika,

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kana kuti Secretary of Home kwezuva rimwe chete.

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Socrates aisangoona guta richivakwazve,

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asi njodzi dzetsika dzekuedza kutsva kwevanhu.

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Paakanga achikura, democracy zvakare yakanga ichiwana tsoka dzayo.

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Vanhuwo zvavo vomuAtene vakanga vava kukwanisa

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kusarudza ramangwana ravo,

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asi kuguma kwavo kwakanga kuchiri mumaoko avamwari.

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Vanamwari, vamwari nemidzimu vaitendwa kuti vari kwose kwose,

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kupesvedzera hupenyu hwevanhu hwemazuva ese.

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Dai ndanga ndakatarisa kunze kweAtene panguva yehupenyu hwaSocrates,

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ipapo chiitiko ichi chingadai chakafuta nehutsi

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uye munhuwi wechibayiro waizorema mumhepo.

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sezvo vaAtene vachimhanya-mhanya.

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vachiedza kuchengeta vamwari vavo parutivi -

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vose 2 000 vavo!

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Iyi "boka revamwari"

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yakapa vanhu pfungwa yenzvimbo yavo muchisiko chapose pose.

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Asi munguva dzino dzinonakidza,

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vashomanana vaitsunga kubvunza gungano rechitendero.

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Achiri kuyaruka, Socrates akavatsvaka

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mune imwe yenzvimbo dzeAthens dzakanyanya uye dzakasarudzika -

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Keramiekos.

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Kwemakore 600, iyi yakanga iri nzvimbo huru yokuviga yeAtene.

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Huya zuva raSocrates,

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uye yakanga yashanduka kuita rudzi rwenzvimbo ine vanhu vakasiyana-siyana yechivi.

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Mutengesi aifamba akatengesa zvinhu zvavo pano,

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pamwe chete nezvifeve.

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avo vaipa izvo zvaizivikanwa se

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"michato yepakati pezuva".

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Vechiduku vakawanda vomuAtene vaisafanira kushanda.

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Paiva nemuranda mumwe chete kuvagari vaviri vakasununguka.

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Saka, Socrates akava nenguva yekusununguka kuuya kuno

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uye teerera pane dzidziso dzinoitwa munzira dzekutengeserana.

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Akasangana nevafungi vanobva kuEastern Mediterranean,

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vane pfungwa dzaive, kweanopfuura zana,

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yakatarisana netsananguro dzechinyakare dzechadenga.

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Izvo vanhu vaiona sezvisinganzwisisike uye zvisinganzwisisike,

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vaiona sekurairwa kwakarongeka -

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uye kusvika kumwero wakati, zvinotsanangurwa zvine musoro.

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Isu tinovadaidza iye zvino seboka rimwe, pre-Socratics,

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asi muchokwadi, vaive vakangwara, vafungi vakazvimirira.

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Vakabvunza mibvunzo yakanyanyisa yesainzi.

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Kosmos yakagadzirwa nei?

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Chii chinonzi nyaya, uye tinoiona sei?

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Mhinduro dzavo, dzimwe nguva,

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vakakanganisa basa ravamwari sevatongi venyika.

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Abstract theories yavo -

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zviri pachena kuti akaumbwa pasina rubatsiro rwezviridzwa zvesainzi -

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kuti muchadenga chakaitwa nemaatomu nenzvimbo isina chinhu,

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kuti mvura yakanga iri chinhu chikuru chenyika,

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uye kuti zuva rakanga riri rimwe zidombo guru rinopisa dzvuku,

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dzaive dzakanyanya kudenha.

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Chiyero nekushinga kwekufunga kwavo kwaishamisa.

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Iwo ma-pre-Socratics haana kungorova pakati pekutenda kwechinyakare,

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asi kushandisa kwavo kufunga kwakazarura nzira itsva

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kutarisa kuzere kwechiitiko chemunhu -

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nzira yakatorwa nechido nevechiduku Socrates.

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Kamwe kamwe, hadzisi tsika kana kuti ngano kana kuti mapoka ezvitendero

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vari kukuudza maitiro ekuita pfungwa yenyika yako,

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asi gakava rine musoro, kufunga kwakarongeka.

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Kungofanana neaya mamwe mafirosofi anotyisa ezera -

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Confucius muChina uye Buddha mune zvino yava India -

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Socrates nevamwe venguva yake

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vanoshinga kushandisa simba repfungwa

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kutsanangura nyika yakavapoteredza.

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Uku ndiko kuchinja kwe quantum.

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Kuvimbika, ushingi-itsva-nyika Atene

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handina kutsvaka kudzvanyirira mweya mutsva uyu wekubvunza.

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Guta rakava magineti ekuvandudza -

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tinoonga, zvikurukuru, kumurume aizotonga zvematongerwe enyika zveAtene

145
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for almost half of Socrates' life -

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wezvematongerwo enyika ane chiono, Pericles.

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Akaunganidza vaifunga nenyanzvi kuti vamupe mazano

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uye kutanga kugadzira democracy

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pfungwa huru munyika yechiGiriki.

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Akakudza migwagwa nemifananidzo yakaisvonaka

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uye misimboti yedemocracy inonyengerera.

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Atene yakavaka ngarava dzehondo dzinonzi “Rusununguko” uye “Rusununguko Rwokutaura”.

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Asi, Socrates aizonzwisisa kuti kubudirira kwese uku kwaiva nemafungiro ako.

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Zvinangwa zvepamusoro zvedemocracy zvingada kubvunzurudzwa.

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Rimwe bhuku rinotevera rinotiudza kuti Socrates akazivisa,

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"Zvifananidzo zvakanaka, masvingo eguta marefu uye zvikepe zvehondo zvose zvakanaka kwazvo,

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"asi zvinobatsirei, kana vari mukati mavo vasingafari?"

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Saka, tinofanira kufungidzira Socrates muduku

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ndichifamba neguta rino rakanaka, rinotyisa,

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achitanga kubvunza mibvunzo mikuru iya

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izvo zvichiri kushanda zvachose nhasi.

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Kupfuma chinhu chakanaka here?

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Hutongi hwejekerere pachahwo hungaumba nzanga yakarurama here?

164
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Chii chinoita kuti tifare zvechokwadi?

165
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Democracy yakanga yavhura bhokisi rePandora rematambudziko matsva uye kupokana.

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Paakasvika pakukura.

167
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Socrates ndiye aizovaratidza -

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inogara yakagumbuka, inozivikanwa se "gadfly yeAtene".

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Munhu ane mukurumbira wakashata wezuva rake.

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Asi Socrates zvakare chirevo, nekuti sekuziva kwedu,

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hapana chaakanyora pasi - hapana mutsetse mumwe chete.

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Akafunga kuti kunyora kwaive nengozi,

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nokuti yakasunga zivo.

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Ndizvo chete kutenda kune vemazuva ano -

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vakadai saPlato, uyo angave akatanga izwi rokuti "muzivi",

176
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pamwe naSocrates mupfungwa -

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kuti pfungwa dzake nenyaya yehupenyu zvakachengetedzwa.

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Uye anoita kunge anga ari murume akaita sei.

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Ironic, ushingi, brilliant,

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zvine mutsindo

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uye kushatirwa zvachose.

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Nhoroondo dzaPlato dzinokurudzira dzehupenyu hwake, pfungwa dzake

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uye rufu rwake runoshamisa ibwe rinokosha muzvinyorwa zvepfungwa dzokuMadokero.

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Patinofunga nezvevazivi vekare vechiGiriki,

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kazhinji tinoaona sezvaanoratidzwa

186
00:11:53,600 --> 00:11:55,920
muRenaissance mabasa eunyanzvi -

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ndebvu pfumbu dzakakwirira, dzakaputirwa nenguo dzakaisvonaka;

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yakarembera yakatenderedza classical column.

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Zvimwe hatizvifungidzire

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kubatanidzwa mubhizimisi rakasviba uye rine ropa rehondo.

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Havi yeAtene yokuwedzera nzvimbo inoita seinorodzwa

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kubudikidza nechido chevavhoti vegutsaruzhinji.

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Socrates, kufanana nevagari vose vechirume veAtene, aitarisirwa kurwa.

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Akanga ava kuda kusvika makore makumi matatu paakatumirwa kuno, kuPotidhaea,

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kubatsira kutora kutonga kweguta rakakosha iri muNorthern Greece.

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Kubva panguva ino yehondo

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tinowana zvakadzama zvinyorwa zvehupenyu hwaSocrates.

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Murume wacho pachake anotanga kuuya mupfungwa.

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Chiratidzo chake, ushingi hwake hwepanyama, hunyengeri hwake -

200
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uye munhu ane chimwe chinhu chinokosha mupfungwa dzake.

201
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Kurwa kwacho kwaityisa -

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uye kwemakore matatu, guta rakakombwa.

203
00:13:02,960 --> 00:13:06,480
Mukupererwa nezano rose, vagari veko vakatanga kudya nyama yevanhu.

204
00:13:07,680 --> 00:13:11,760
Asi, pakati pezvinotyisa izvi zvose uye tsitsi dzehondo.

205
00:13:11,760 --> 00:13:14,920
neimwe nzira Socrates akawana runyararo.

206
00:13:21,960 --> 00:13:26,080
Tinoudzwa kuti akabatwa nepfungwa dzakaoma, dzakavanzika.

207
00:13:27,760 --> 00:13:29,560
Mukati mechando,

208
00:13:29,560 --> 00:13:33,200
akapfeka jasi rine shinda uye netsoka dzisina chinhu.

209
00:13:33,200 --> 00:13:37,480
akamira - kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana panguva yakatambanudzwa.

210
00:13:37,480 --> 00:13:39,920
Stock-ichiri,

211
00:13:39,920 --> 00:13:42,120
akarasika mupfungwa dzake.

212
00:13:44,840 --> 00:13:46,960
Kusiyana nevanofunga vepre-Socrates,

213
00:13:46,960 --> 00:13:50,160
Socrates akasvika pakudavira kuti kunzwisisa zviri muchadenga

214
00:13:50,160 --> 00:13:54,280
yakanga iri diversion esoteric kubva kune chimwe chinhu chakakosha zvakanyanya.

215
00:13:55,520 --> 00:13:58,840
Kudzidza zvakavanzika zvenyeredzi zvaive zvakanaka kwazvo,

216
00:13:58,840 --> 00:14:02,320
asi nhau dzevanhu dzaiva dzokukurumidzira kukuru zvikuru.

217
00:14:06,920 --> 00:14:10,520
Saka, Socrates akaita chimwe chinhu chinotyisa.

218
00:14:12,040 --> 00:14:14,880
Akashandura pfungwa dzine musoro mukati,

219
00:14:14,880 --> 00:14:17,840
kugadzirisa matambudziko anofa atinosangana nawo tese.

220
00:14:21,040 --> 00:14:22,520
Akakanda simba rake rose

221
00:14:22,520 --> 00:14:26,440
mukugadzirisa mibvunzo inokosha yekuvapo kwevanhu.

222
00:14:26,440 --> 00:14:28,720
Tinofanira kurarama hupenyu hwakaita sei?

223
00:14:28,720 --> 00:14:30,800
Tinoda kuva vanhu vakaita sei?

224
00:14:31,840 --> 00:14:34,560
Ndiye munhu wekutanga kuMadokero

225
00:14:34,560 --> 00:14:37,640
kuisa tsika pamwoyo chaipo pehuzivi hwake.

226
00:14:47,360 --> 00:14:50,120
Socrates paakatangira paive nyore.

227
00:14:50,120 --> 00:14:53,840
Wese munhu anoshuvira hupenyu huzere uye hunobudirira,

228
00:14:53,840 --> 00:14:56,360
asi yaisazowanikwa mumafaro enguva pfupi

229
00:14:56,360 --> 00:14:58,760
uye zvinotsausa zvenyika yenyama.

230
00:15:00,280 --> 00:15:04,160
Socrates akatenda kuti tinogona kungoziva kugona kwedu kwevanhu

231
00:15:04,160 --> 00:15:06,320
kana tichirera zvakakosha,

232
00:15:06,320 --> 00:15:10,640
chikamu chisingaperi chezvisikwa zvedu - mweya yedu.

233
00:15:10,640 --> 00:15:13,520
Kana tikaita zvakanaka, tinodzivirira mweya yedu.

234
00:15:13,520 --> 00:15:16,000
Patinoita zvakaipa, tinozvikuvadza.

235
00:15:18,400 --> 00:15:23,480
Kuziva chakanaka nechakaipa kwaikosha pamativi ose oupenyu.

236
00:15:23,480 --> 00:15:26,600
Uye muzana ramakore rechishanu Atene, nhau yacho yakanga yakakomba.

237
00:15:27,840 --> 00:15:32,920
Mhosva dzematare dzinosvika 4 000 dzaitongwa gore negore.

238
00:15:32,920 --> 00:15:35,960
Democracy yakanga yashandura matare emitemo.

239
00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:39,120
Zvino, chero mugari wechirume,

240
00:15:39,120 --> 00:15:41,920
kubva kuvakuru vakuru kusvika kune vatengesi vehove,

241
00:15:41,920 --> 00:15:43,760
anogona kuva mutongi wezuva.

242
00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:49,360
Tinoudzwa kuti Socrates akawana hutongi hwakadaro huchinetsa.

243
00:15:49,360 --> 00:15:52,360
Kana vakanga vagere pakutonga vasina kufanira kunzwisisa

244
00:15:52,360 --> 00:15:54,520
musiyano pakati pechakanaka nechakaipa,

245
00:15:54,520 --> 00:15:57,400
ipapo vaigona kupa munhu asina mhaka.

246
00:15:57,400 --> 00:16:00,760
Vanenge vachiranga munhu asina kufanira kukuvadzwa.

247
00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:08,560
Asi mukuona kwaSocrates, munhu asina mhaka aizongotambura bedzi mumuviri.

248
00:16:08,560 --> 00:16:12,600
Ndivo ma jurors vanenge vachizvikuvadza zvakanyanya.

249
00:16:12,600 --> 00:16:14,920
Nokuita zvakaipa nokusaziva.

250
00:16:14,920 --> 00:16:20,400
vaizokuvadza mweya yavo yakaipisisa, isingaperi.

251
00:16:20,400 --> 00:16:25,240
Kuti adzivirire vaAtene, Socrates aifanira kuvadzidzisa.

252
00:16:25,240 --> 00:16:28,280
"Chakaipa chete kusaziva", akadaro.

253
00:16:29,320 --> 00:16:31,480
Asi Socrates akatarisana nechinetso.

254
00:16:31,480 --> 00:16:34,520
VaGiriki vaive nemaitiro ehunhu emhando,

255
00:16:34,520 --> 00:16:37,080
asi zvakanga zvisina kujeka kana kuenderana.

256
00:16:40,960 --> 00:16:45,000
Mhedzisiro yevaGiriki vese yaive mumaoko evamwari.

257
00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:46,520
Vairemekedzwa,

258
00:16:46,520 --> 00:16:50,560
kunyange zvazvo upenyu hwavo hwomunhu oga hwakanga hupfupi zvikuru panhungamiro yetsika.

259
00:16:51,640 --> 00:16:53,480
Anoda uye anotsiva,

260
00:16:53,480 --> 00:16:56,480
vakarwa, vakarara nevakadzi vemumwe.

261
00:16:56,480 --> 00:16:58,760
vakapamba vanhu.

262
00:16:58,760 --> 00:17:00,120
Uye zvakakodzera,

263
00:17:00,120 --> 00:17:03,840
vamwari havana kumboita sekunge vanofarira tsika dzevanhu.

264
00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:08,720
Kurarama upenyu hwakanaka kwaisavimbisa kufarirwa navamwari.

265
00:17:08,720 --> 00:17:10,360
Kuremekedza simba ravo

266
00:17:10,360 --> 00:17:14,200
uye kupa chibayiro chinodhura zvikuru uye chine ropa rakawanda

267
00:17:14,200 --> 00:17:15,840
yaive bheji yakachengeteka zvakanyanya.

268
00:17:18,840 --> 00:17:22,280
VaGiriki vakaita, zvisinei, vaitenda kuti kune maitiro mashanu -

269
00:17:22,280 --> 00:17:27,200
kururamisira, kuzvidzora, ushingi, humwari uye njere.

270
00:17:27,200 --> 00:17:32,120
Asi mukuita, hunhu uhwu hwaive hunotsvedza, huchichinja.

271
00:17:32,120 --> 00:17:35,920
Chii chaionekwa sechakarurama kana kuti sechamwari kumurume wepamusoro

272
00:17:35,920 --> 00:17:38,920
zvakanga zvisina kudaro kumurandakadzi.

273
00:17:40,040 --> 00:17:43,240
Muchiitiko chaSocrates, kufunga kwetsika tsika -

274
00:17:43,240 --> 00:17:47,040
rudzi rwakadzidziswa nevakuru nevapristi nevadetembi vane mbiri -

275
00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:49,720
handina kumbomira kuongororwa.

276
00:17:49,720 --> 00:17:54,840
Huzivi hwake hwakava kutsvaga kwetsananguro dzakasimba, dzepasi rose.

277
00:17:57,560 --> 00:18:01,480
Socrates akafunga kuti kunaka kwose kwakabatana.

278
00:18:01,480 --> 00:18:03,600
Vaisagona kupatsanurwa.

279
00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:06,040
Akafunga nezvavo sechinhu chimwe -

280
00:18:06,040 --> 00:18:09,880
chimwe chinhu chaakadana kuti "zivo yezvakanaka zvevanhu".

281
00:18:13,560 --> 00:18:18,320
Kwaari, kunaka ruzivo - ruzivo rwezvakanaka zvevanhu.

282
00:18:18,320 --> 00:18:21,640
Anoti ruzivo urwu rwezvakanaka zvevanhu

283
00:18:21,640 --> 00:18:24,480
iri kuenda, neimwe nzira, kuponesa hupenyu hwako.

284
00:18:24,480 --> 00:18:26,840
Uyu mutauro wakasimba chaizvo.

285
00:18:26,840 --> 00:18:28,640
Asi iyo ipfungwa isinganzwisisike here,

286
00:18:28,640 --> 00:18:32,040
kana kuti pane chimwe chinhu chinogona kutamba mukurarama kwevanhu zuva nezuva?

287
00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:34,560
Oo, kwete, zvachose. Kuziva zvakanaka kwevanhu

288
00:18:34,560 --> 00:18:38,560
ndizvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuita sarudzo dzakakodzera

289
00:18:38,560 --> 00:18:40,320
muhupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ese.

290
00:18:40,320 --> 00:18:44,360
Asi zvinoratidzika zvakasiyana mumamiriro akasiyana.

291
00:18:44,360 --> 00:18:46,560
Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uri munhandare yehondo,

292
00:18:46,560 --> 00:18:48,560
ichazviratidza soushingi.

293
00:18:48,560 --> 00:18:52,840
Kana iwe uchibayira mutemberi, zvinoratidzika sehumwari,

294
00:18:52,840 --> 00:18:55,360
Uye zviri kuburikidza nesarudzo idzodzo nezviito

295
00:18:55,360 --> 00:18:58,400
kuti tinogoneswa kutarisira mweya yedu -

296
00:18:58,400 --> 00:19:00,840
pfuma yedu inonyanya kukosha,

297
00:19:00,840 --> 00:19:03,880
pairi mufaro wedu wese unotsamira pazviri.

298
00:19:03,880 --> 00:19:06,400
Asi zvinoreva kuti vanhu vane agency chaiyo,

299
00:19:06,400 --> 00:19:08,200
nekuti ndinoona seari kutaura

300
00:19:08,200 --> 00:19:10,600
hazvisi pasi kunaVamwari kuti vaite kuti nyika ive nzvimbo iri nani,

301
00:19:10,600 --> 00:19:12,520
- zviri pasi kwatiri. 
- Zvamazvirokwazvo.

302
00:19:12,520 --> 00:19:15,840
Socrates ari kuti, iwe haufanirwe kutsamira pane whims

303
00:19:15,840 --> 00:19:17,640
nemifananidzo yevamwari.

304
00:19:17,640 --> 00:19:22,160
Zviri chaizvo pamusoro pesimba remunhu uye mutoro.

305
00:19:22,160 --> 00:19:25,200
Uyezve, sezvo akagara nhaka tsika yaiti

306
00:19:25,200 --> 00:19:27,960
kwaiva nerumwe rudzi rwekunaka kumurume, rumwe kumukadzi;

307
00:19:27,960 --> 00:19:32,400
mumwe munoziva, wakaberekwa zvakanaka, mumwe muranda;

308
00:19:32,400 --> 00:19:35,800
ari kuti, kwete - ndezvekuziva zvakanaka zvevanhu,

309
00:19:35,800 --> 00:19:40,200
mupfungwa yepasi rose. Inowanikwa kumunhu wese.

310
00:19:40,200 --> 00:19:41,920
Cicero gare gare anoti nezvake,

311
00:19:41,920 --> 00:19:46,320
anoburusa uzivi kubva kudenga uye mudzimba dzavanhu

312
00:19:46,320 --> 00:19:48,600
uye mudzimba dzevanhu.

313
00:19:48,600 --> 00:19:53,200
Iyi inguva yakanyanyisa mukufunga kwekuMadokero.

314
00:19:53,200 --> 00:19:56,400
Zvinofadza uye zvinopa simba, asiwo zvine ngozi.

315
00:19:56,400 --> 00:20:00,560
Chokwadi, nekuti kunyangwe Socrates pachake

316
00:20:00,560 --> 00:20:04,640
ainamata zvikuru, sekuziva kwedu, ainamata zvikuru,

317
00:20:04,640 --> 00:20:07,080
izvi zvinotyisidzira vanhu.

318
00:20:07,080 --> 00:20:10,200
Zviri kutyisidzira chitendero chechinyakare uye hongu,

319
00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:13,560
mameseji aya anoshungurudza vanhu vakawanda.

320
00:20:18,440 --> 00:20:22,200
Socrates haana kuramba kuvapo kwevamwari, asi kusimbisa kwake

321
00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:25,360
pakukwanisa kwevanhu kuumba magumo avo

322
00:20:25,360 --> 00:20:28,520
vaigona kuonekwa sevanopikisa mabasa avo echivanhu.

323
00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:35,120
Sezvineiwo, moto wezvibayiro kuna Vanamwari,

324
00:20:35,120 --> 00:20:36,760
iyo yakanga yatsva kwemazana emakore,

325
00:20:36,760 --> 00:20:40,840
akanga zvino avhenekerwa muguta raikoshesawo rusununguko rwokutaura.

326
00:20:42,320 --> 00:20:46,080
Pakutanga, pfungwa dzisiri dzechokwadi dzaSocrates dzakabvumirwa.

327
00:20:47,320 --> 00:20:49,840
Asi muna 431 BC.

328
00:20:49,840 --> 00:20:51,960
nguva dzakanaka dzairatidza kupera.

329
00:20:56,640 --> 00:21:00,360
Mhirizhonga yePotidaea yakawedzera kuva kurwisana kukuru.

330
00:21:01,760 --> 00:21:05,720
Hondo yePeloponnesian isina tsitsi pakati peAtene nevavengi vayo -

331
00:21:05,720 --> 00:21:07,720
guta-nyika yeSparta.

332
00:21:09,480 --> 00:21:11,760
Pano paNational Archaeological Museum,

333
00:21:11,760 --> 00:21:15,680
mafiro anoratidza kutambura uye kurasikirwa kunorwadza

334
00:21:15,680 --> 00:21:17,480
zvakasangana nevaAtene.

335
00:21:21,960 --> 00:21:25,880
Nemauto eSpartan ari kuparadza maruwa akapoteredza Atene,

336
00:21:25,880 --> 00:21:29,280
Pericles akaraira mugari wese kubva munzvimbo yakapoteredza

337
00:21:29,280 --> 00:21:31,160
kuti vapinde mukati memasvingo eguta.

338
00:21:32,360 --> 00:21:35,000
Rakanga riri zano rinouraya.

339
00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:38,400
Rudzi rutsva rwekutya rwakaburitswa mukati.

340
00:21:42,160 --> 00:21:45,200
Athens yakava mumwe musasa mukuru wevapoteri.

341
00:21:45,200 --> 00:21:47,440
Nehuwandu hwevanhu vakaungana pamwe chete,

342
00:21:47,440 --> 00:21:50,960
hosha inouraya inopararira somoto wesango.

343
00:21:50,960 --> 00:21:53,480
Zviratidzo zvacho zvaityisa -

344
00:21:53,480 --> 00:21:56,720
dikita, fivha, kuputika kunowedzera

345
00:21:56,720 --> 00:21:58,400
uye chikosoro.

346
00:21:59,480 --> 00:22:01,440
Pafungidziro inochengetedza,

347
00:22:01,440 --> 00:22:05,960
chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevanhu chakaparadzwa.

348
00:22:09,800 --> 00:22:13,600
Vakatsamwa uye vakagumbuka veAtene vakabatidza mukomana wavo weposter

349
00:22:13,600 --> 00:22:15,720
uye akabvisa Pericles pachigaro.

350
00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:21,280
Pakupedzisira akafa, zvinotendwa, nedenda pachake.

351
00:22:22,440 --> 00:22:24,720
Atene yakabudirira yakanga yakasimba zvakakwana

352
00:22:24,720 --> 00:22:28,000
kubata nemibvunzo yekutsvaga yaSocrates.

353
00:22:28,000 --> 00:22:30,280
Iye zvino, nekuvimba kunopera,

354
00:22:30,280 --> 00:22:31,960
kushivirira kwakatyisidzirwa.

355
00:22:34,160 --> 00:22:37,120
Asi, kusimbiswa nepfungwa imwechete yedambudziko uye njodzi

356
00:22:37,120 --> 00:22:41,040
iyo yakakurudzira uzivi hwaConfucius naBuddha,

357
00:22:41,040 --> 00:22:43,240
Socrates anoita kunge akabudirira.

358
00:22:46,120 --> 00:22:47,960
Parizvino ari mumakore ake makumi mana

359
00:22:47,960 --> 00:22:51,760
uye vakakombwa nehondo, rufu nehosha;

360
00:22:51,760 --> 00:22:54,040
kutsvaga kwake kwakatora simba idzva.

361
00:22:55,760 --> 00:22:58,040
Tinosarudza sei zvakanaka?

362
00:23:01,360 --> 00:23:03,080
Kupfuma chinhu chakanaka here?

363
00:23:05,920 --> 00:23:08,240
Chii chinoita kuti tifare zvechokwadi?

364
00:23:11,040 --> 00:23:14,960
MuAtene, Socrates akanga asiri iye oga aikurukura pfungwa huru

365
00:23:14,960 --> 00:23:16,760
nevagari vayo vakanetsana.

366
00:23:18,440 --> 00:23:22,520
Iwo ma sophists vaive jongwe-chokwadi, vadzidzisi vanoshamisira -

367
00:23:22,520 --> 00:23:25,160
shasha muunyanzvi hwekunyengetedza nharo.

368
00:23:26,160 --> 00:23:28,880
Vaiita sevatauri mumatare edzimhosva,

369
00:23:28,880 --> 00:23:31,920
kuvaraidza vanhu vakawanda munhandare.

370
00:23:31,920 --> 00:23:35,840
Socrates akanga asina chokwadi, kutaura zvishoma.

371
00:23:35,840 --> 00:23:39,120
Kufanana nemasophists, akapikisa pfungwa dzeOrthodox,

372
00:23:39,120 --> 00:23:40,960
asi akatendawo nomwoyo wose

373
00:23:40,960 --> 00:23:43,560
uzivi ihwohwo hunofanira kuva nechinangwa chepamusoro.

374
00:23:43,560 --> 00:23:47,920
Mazano akachenjera uye nharo dzokunyengetedza zvakanga zvisina kukwana.

375
00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:55,360
Kumasophists, mashoko akachenjera aiva mari.

376
00:23:55,360 --> 00:23:59,000
Vaitengesa masevhisi avo kune akanyanya kukwereta.

377
00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:02,240
Asi Socrates akaramba kubhadharwa,

378
00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:04,360
tichida zvekupihwa kubva kushamwari.

379
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:09,080
Hazvirevi kuti akanga asingafariri mafaro enyika.

380
00:24:10,480 --> 00:24:12,800
Akanwa uye akaita rudo,

381
00:24:12,800 --> 00:24:14,640
asi vasina shangu uye vasina kushambwa.

382
00:24:14,640 --> 00:24:17,440
akatanhamara muAtene yairangarira zvinhu zvokunyama.

383
00:24:18,920 --> 00:24:23,280
Tinoudzwa kuti akafamba achipfuura zvitoro nenguwo dzake dzakashama, achiti,

384
00:24:23,280 --> 00:24:25,320
"Zvingani zvinhu zvandisingadi!"

385
00:24:26,800 --> 00:24:29,360
Akaona hupfumi sehusingaperi -

386
00:24:29,360 --> 00:24:33,200
kudzongonyedzwa kubva pakutsvaga hunhu hwakakwana.

387
00:24:33,200 --> 00:24:36,480
Socrates akatenda kuti haugone kutenga ruzivo -

388
00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:40,080
uye uchenjeri hahuna kuuya nokuteerera mashoko mazhinji.

389
00:24:40,080 --> 00:24:42,640
Inogona chete kuuya kuburikidza nechimwe chinhu -

390
00:24:42,640 --> 00:24:44,560
nhaurirano.

391
00:24:44,560 --> 00:24:49,560
- Saka, Bethany, ndinonzwisisa kuti wauya kuzoita documentary nezveSocrates. 
- Ehe.

392
00:24:49,560 --> 00:24:51,560
Sei uri kugadzira iyi documentary?

393
00:24:51,560 --> 00:24:54,920
'Nzira yake yeSocratic yakashanda seizvi -

394
00:24:54,920 --> 00:24:57,400
'Socrates aizobata mumwe munhu mumugwagwa ...'

395
00:24:57,400 --> 00:24:59,680
Ndinogona kudzidza chimwe chinhu pamusoro paSocrates

396
00:24:59,680 --> 00:25:02,920
uye ndinogona kugovera ruzivo irworwo nevanhu vari kuchiona.

397
00:25:02,920 --> 00:25:05,240
Aya mazwi makuru - "zivo" uye "chokwadi".

398
00:25:05,240 --> 00:25:07,480
Totora mumwe wavo here? Zvingarevei...?

399
00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:09,480
'Aizovabvunza mubvunzo wetsika.'

400
00:25:09,480 --> 00:25:13,200
Saka chii chinhu ichi - ruzivo - chaunoda kupa?

401
00:25:13,200 --> 00:25:14,560
Mubhuku rangu,

402
00:25:14,560 --> 00:25:19,320
ruzivo rudo rwezvazvinoita kuva munhu.

403
00:25:19,320 --> 00:25:22,760
'Munhu angaedza kutsanangura pfungwa,

404
00:25:22,760 --> 00:25:26,000
'asi Socrates aizowana kusapindirana mumhinduro dzavo.'

405
00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:28,280
- Saka, ruzivo rudo? 
- Ehe. 
- OK.

406
00:25:28,280 --> 00:25:33,800
Saka, kana waida kuvhiyiwa appendicitis,

407
00:25:33,800 --> 00:25:37,120
ungaende kumukadzi akazara nerudo here?

408
00:25:37,120 --> 00:25:39,840
- asi hapana chaaiziva nezvekuvhiyiwa?
- Aihwa!

409
00:25:39,840 --> 00:25:43,960
Zvakanaka, saka ndingati tsananguro ye "zivo serudo"

410
00:25:43,960 --> 00:25:45,720
hazvina kukwana.

411
00:25:45,720 --> 00:25:48,560
'Vaizomanikidzwa kubvisa tsananguro yavo

412
00:25:48,560 --> 00:25:51,200
'uye kuvandudza nokunatsa pfungwa dzavo.'

413
00:25:51,200 --> 00:25:53,160
Saka, ngatiedzei zvakare.

414
00:25:53,160 --> 00:25:56,720
Kune rudzi rumwe rwezivo here, kana marudzi mazhinji ezivo?

415
00:25:57,920 --> 00:25:59,840
Kuziva chimwe chinhu ...

416
00:25:59,840 --> 00:26:02,760
Tora nguva yako. Handizivi mhinduro dzeizvi.

417
00:26:02,760 --> 00:26:05,320
Pamwe ruzivo chinhu chimwe,

418
00:26:05,320 --> 00:26:07,680
asi kuziva kune zvizhinji.

419
00:26:07,680 --> 00:26:09,360
'Iyi nzira yaizotenderera

420
00:26:09,360 --> 00:26:12,560
'muchikamu chinotyisa chemubvunzo nemhinduro.'

421
00:26:12,560 --> 00:26:14,760
..Kuziva mafambiro enyeredzi

422
00:26:14,760 --> 00:26:18,200
uye kuziva kuti chiropa chinoshanda sei chinhu chimwe chete?

423
00:26:19,480 --> 00:26:21,880
Kwete, havana chinhu chimwe chete.

424
00:26:21,880 --> 00:26:25,360
Ko munhu ane ruzivo nenzira huru anoziva zvese here?

425
00:26:25,360 --> 00:26:28,680
Pakati pevaviri ivavo, ndiani angangove akanakisa mugadziri wematombo?

426
00:26:28,680 --> 00:26:32,480
Er... Uyo uyo...

427
00:26:32,480 --> 00:26:36,400
handizivi! Ndinorega, ndinorega!

428
00:26:36,400 --> 00:26:39,240
'Socrates anofananidza basa rake neremunyamukuta,

429
00:26:39,240 --> 00:26:42,760
'uyo anobatsira kurera nekupa pfungwa dzevamwe.

430
00:26:42,760 --> 00:26:45,280
'Asi kwakanga kusiri nyore kuberekwa.'

431
00:26:45,280 --> 00:26:47,440
Ndinofanira kutaura kuti chinhu chimwe chete chawandiratidza

432
00:26:47,440 --> 00:26:48,880
kuti hapana chandinoziva.

433
00:26:48,880 --> 00:26:51,320
Ah, kwete, kwete. Ndini uyo! KUSEKA

434
00:26:51,320 --> 00:26:55,280
Ini ndiri nyanzvi pakuita kuti vamwe vanhu vazive zvinhu, asi handina kunaka -

435
00:26:55,280 --> 00:27:00,360
Ini hapana chandinoziva uye ndiyo chete zivo yandinozviti ini.

436
00:27:01,480 --> 00:27:05,640
Iyo nzira yeSocratic inonakidza uye inokurudzira,

437
00:27:05,640 --> 00:27:08,720
asi zvinotsamwisawo.

438
00:27:08,720 --> 00:27:11,800
Ehe, nekuti zviri mumuromo, maitiro atinozviita,

439
00:27:11,800 --> 00:27:14,040
uye Socrates akatenda zvikuru

440
00:27:14,040 --> 00:27:17,000
muukuru hwezvinonzwika pamusoro pezvakanyorwa

441
00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:20,000
uye izvozvo zvinomutsawo manzwiro.

442
00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:23,840
Chokutanga pane zvose, mukunyepedzera kwake kuva benzi.

443
00:27:23,840 --> 00:27:25,960
- Murume asina chaanoziva. 
- Zvekusaziva chinhu, hongu.

444
00:27:25,960 --> 00:27:28,280
Hongu, uye nekuti ndicho chishandiso chake,

445
00:27:28,280 --> 00:27:31,640
kuti anotendeukira, chokwadi, kurwisa shamwari dzake -

446
00:27:31,640 --> 00:27:34,280
kana vadzivisi, sezvaungatora -

447
00:27:34,280 --> 00:27:38,520
uye kuvaita kuti vabvume kune zvinhu zvavasingade kubvuma,

448
00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:41,520
nekutamba chaizvo benzi, achiti,

449
00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:43,120
"Hapana chandinoziva, hapana chandinoziva.

450
00:27:43,120 --> 00:27:45,960
"Ndinogona kukumbira kuti undiudze, nekuti hapana chandinoziva."

451
00:27:45,960 --> 00:27:48,640
Saka, akasimbisa pane tsananguro,

452
00:27:48,640 --> 00:27:52,880
ipapo pane zvaakadaidza kuti "dieresis" - division -

453
00:27:52,880 --> 00:27:55,800
yekuputsa dambudziko kuita zvidimbu zvidiki,

454
00:27:55,800 --> 00:27:58,400
kuongorora zvikamu, kuongorora.

455
00:27:58,400 --> 00:28:01,000
Uye zvino, kurwisa mumwe nomumwe zvakasiyana

456
00:28:01,000 --> 00:28:04,200
uyezve kuyedza, zvine mutsindo, kuvaunganidza pamwe chete

457
00:28:04,200 --> 00:28:06,200
mune imwe pfungwa yakajairika.

458
00:28:06,200 --> 00:28:10,400
Saka, Socrates anoshandisa izvo kuita kuti vanhu vazive

459
00:28:10,400 --> 00:28:14,480
kuti zvinhu zvavanofunga zviri nyore uye zvekutanga uye zvakakosha

460
00:28:14,480 --> 00:28:17,760
uye izvo zvavanoziva - ivo chaizvoizvo havazivi.

461
00:28:17,760 --> 00:28:19,560
Uye zvakadini nenyika yanhasi?

462
00:28:19,560 --> 00:28:23,000
Munofunga kuti tingave nenyika yanhasi here

463
00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:25,360
pasina nharo dzeSocratic,

464
00:28:25,360 --> 00:28:27,960
pasina mubvunzo kuti kuva munhu chii

465
00:28:27,960 --> 00:28:30,840
uye chii chinonzi kuva munhu munyika yakatipoteredza?

466
00:28:30,840 --> 00:28:35,080
Zvakanaka, ndinofunga ndiyo nzira yakanaka yekubvuma,

467
00:28:35,080 --> 00:28:37,920
kuwana nzvimbo yaSocrates mairi

468
00:28:37,920 --> 00:28:42,440
kuona kuti zvinopesana neiyo nzira yeSocratic, zvakanyanya,

469
00:28:42,440 --> 00:28:45,840
kunyanyisa uye dzidziso dzenhema.

470
00:28:45,840 --> 00:28:49,600
Uye mupfungwa iyoyo, nyika yanhasi inoda zvikuru

471
00:28:49,600 --> 00:28:52,560
mushonga wezvinhu izvozvo, pamatanho ese.

472
00:28:57,440 --> 00:29:00,040
Mutoo weSocrates wakanga uri wekatsi.

473
00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:02,440
Zvakabuda pachena nyaya dzakaoma

474
00:29:02,440 --> 00:29:05,400
uye akatsanangura pfungwa nemazvo zvikuru.

475
00:29:08,400 --> 00:29:11,760
Socrates 'mubvunzo wakaoma, nechiratidzo chake chekutengesa,

476
00:29:11,760 --> 00:29:13,720
yakaitwa pachena,

477
00:29:13,720 --> 00:29:16,440
achimutsa bope pose paaienda.

478
00:29:18,840 --> 00:29:22,680
Akanga achikoka munhu wose kuti atsvake ruzivo rwezvakanaka zvevanhu.

479
00:29:22,680 --> 00:29:25,680
kuziva chokwadi chinokosha.

480
00:29:25,680 --> 00:29:28,360
Asi vanhu vaingokwanisa kuzviitira ivo pachavo

481
00:29:28,360 --> 00:29:30,920
nokugara uchibvunzurudza zviito zvavo

482
00:29:30,920 --> 00:29:33,200
uye zvinotendwa zvakadzama.

483
00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:37,520
"Upenyu husina kuongororwa," akadaro Socrates, "hahuna kukodzera kurarama."

484
00:29:42,840 --> 00:29:45,120
Asi paiva nedambudziko.

485
00:29:45,120 --> 00:29:49,360
Dzidziso yaSocrates yakafarirwa zvikuru nevaduku.

486
00:29:49,360 --> 00:29:52,080
Pasina magumo pamberi pehondo neSparta,

487
00:29:52,080 --> 00:29:56,480
izvi zviwanikwa zvevanhu zvaikosha kune ramangwana reAtene.

488
00:29:56,480 --> 00:30:00,200
Mitemo yakaedza kudzivirira pwere papesvedzero yakaipa.

489
00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:05,280
Kuvakurudzira kuti vafunge vega kwakanga kuzere nengozi.

490
00:30:06,560 --> 00:30:08,760
Asi Socrates akavatsvaga,

491
00:30:08,760 --> 00:30:11,640
padyo nenzvimbo yeruzhinji muguta -

492
00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:13,000
the Agora.

493
00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:16,040
Munyika yekare,

494
00:30:16,040 --> 00:30:18,960
kutengeserana kwaiwedzera mutyairi wekuchinja -

495
00:30:18,960 --> 00:30:22,400
uye izvozvo zvakanzwika zvakanyanya muno muAtene.

496
00:30:22,400 --> 00:30:25,200
Iyo Agora yaive musika wainakidza,

497
00:30:25,200 --> 00:30:28,560
nzvimbo yaiuya vanhu kuzochinjana zvinhu uye kuita makuhwa.

498
00:30:32,560 --> 00:30:35,640
Socrates aida kugovera mazano ake pano.

499
00:30:35,640 --> 00:30:39,080
Kubva kuAgora tinowana izwi rekuti "Agoraphobia" -

500
00:30:39,080 --> 00:30:40,680
kutya kwenzvimbo dzakashama.

501
00:30:42,520 --> 00:30:46,480
Paive nekushushikana kumashure panguva iyoyo, zvakare, sezvo under-18s vairambidzwa.

502
00:30:47,960 --> 00:30:51,760
Zvino, ruzivo rwokuchera matongo runobetsera kunongedzera kunzira iyo Socrates akasangana nayo pwere dzeAtene

503
00:30:51,760 --> 00:30:56,040
kunze kwemuganhu weAgora, muimba yakavanzika.

504
00:30:56,040 --> 00:30:58,520
Saka, tiri pamucheto weAgora space,

505
00:30:58,520 --> 00:31:02,360
uye isu tiri-pakati penzvimbo yeruzhinji nenzvimbo yakavanzika kumashure kwedu pano.

506
00:31:02,360 --> 00:31:04,760
Uye rusvingo urwu shure kwedu iko kuno

507
00:31:04,760 --> 00:31:06,840
ndeimwe yeaya ega ega.

508
00:31:06,840 --> 00:31:09,000
Uye isu tine gare gare sosi inotaura

509
00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:12,040
Socrates achishanyira imba yeshamwari yake

510
00:31:12,040 --> 00:31:14,560
uye tine mufananidzo uyu, Simon the Cobbler

511
00:31:14,560 --> 00:31:16,840
uye ari kugamuchira majaya.

512
00:31:16,840 --> 00:31:18,600
Saka, isu tine chinyorwa chinyorwa,

513
00:31:18,600 --> 00:31:22,080
asi chakanaka ndechekuti panguva yekuchera pano,

514
00:31:22,080 --> 00:31:24,600
vakawana hobnails, vakawana ziso remapfupa

515
00:31:24,600 --> 00:31:26,360
uye ipapo, vakawanawo mukombe

516
00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:29,360
uye ichi ndicho humbowo hunoshamisa hwechokwadi,

517
00:31:29,360 --> 00:31:32,760
nekuti mukombe uyu une zita rekuti “Simoni” pauri.

518
00:31:32,760 --> 00:31:35,480
Uye ichi chifananidzo pano chemukombe

519
00:31:35,480 --> 00:31:39,520
uye iwe unogona kuona kuti ine "Simonos" yakakwenya pairi.

520
00:31:39,520 --> 00:31:41,520
Hongu, ndango…Zvinofadza zvikuru kuva pano,

521
00:31:41,520 --> 00:31:43,520
kufungidzira pfungwa huru idzodzo, itsva

522
00:31:43,520 --> 00:31:46,720
ingangove yakaitwa ikoko makore 2 500 apfuura.

523
00:31:46,720 --> 00:31:49,320
Tinogona kutaura kuti Socrates akanga achifamba munzvimbo iyi

524
00:31:49,320 --> 00:31:51,920
uye pamwe anga achingogara pano,

525
00:31:51,920 --> 00:31:55,480
kuti tikurukure zvinhu, zvinhu zvingangove ...

526
00:31:55,480 --> 00:31:57,560
Chinhu chinogona kumupinza mudambudziko,

527
00:31:57,560 --> 00:31:59,920
Ndinoreva, inzvimbo ine njodzi iyo, ingangoita.

528
00:31:59,920 --> 00:32:02,000
Saka, iwe une hunhu hwemagineti,

529
00:32:02,000 --> 00:32:04,640
kuita nhaurirano dzisina kunaka idzi nemajaya

530
00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:07,720
- uye kuvakurudzira kuti vafunge ivo pachavo. 
- Ndizvo chaizvo.

531
00:32:07,720 --> 00:32:10,480
Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yatinofanira kuva nerusununguko rwekufunga

532
00:32:10,480 --> 00:32:15,160
uye rusununguko rwekutaura uye zvichingodaro, mune iyi pfungwa yedemocracy,

533
00:32:15,160 --> 00:32:18,760
asi ino inzvimbo yaunofanira kuremekedza vamwari

534
00:32:18,760 --> 00:32:20,680
uye unofanira kuremekedza vakuru vako

535
00:32:20,680 --> 00:32:22,880
uye munofanira kuremekedza mitemo yeguta.

536
00:32:22,880 --> 00:32:25,640
Ari kubvunza vamwari, ari kubvunza mitemo,

537
00:32:25,640 --> 00:32:28,320
saka arikunyatsoiisa pamuyedzo

538
00:32:28,320 --> 00:32:32,240
uye kumanikidza vakomana vechidiki ava kuti vaone zvinhu neimwe nzira

539
00:32:32,240 --> 00:32:34,360
uye guta harina kunyatsoda izvozvo.

540
00:32:36,320 --> 00:32:39,040
Socrates akanga achichengeta dambudziko,

541
00:32:39,040 --> 00:32:43,480
kunyanya sezvo vamwe vevaainamata vaive nechivimbo vechidiki vechidiki -

542
00:32:43,480 --> 00:32:45,120
vatungamiri veguta remangwana.

543
00:32:50,160 --> 00:32:53,240
Chinonyanya kukosha chaiva Alcibiades.

544
00:32:54,680 --> 00:32:58,400
Akaberekwa zvakanaka, akapfuma uye shasha yeOlympic,

545
00:32:58,400 --> 00:33:01,360
uyu anomutsa gehena rehuhure

546
00:33:01,360 --> 00:33:05,120
yakapinda uye yakanyadzisa Athens kwemakumi emakore.

547
00:33:06,920 --> 00:33:10,280
Asi uyu mukomana wekutamba aive shamwari naSocrates,

548
00:33:10,280 --> 00:33:13,120
uyo aiva nemakore 20 mukuru kwaari.

549
00:33:13,120 --> 00:33:15,600
Socrates akanga atoponesa upenyu hwaAlcibiades

550
00:33:15,600 --> 00:33:17,400
panguva yehondo yePotidha.

551
00:33:19,040 --> 00:33:22,040
Plato's Symposium inotsanangura kuchinjana kwakashata

552
00:33:22,040 --> 00:33:23,680
zvakaitika pakati pavo

553
00:33:23,680 --> 00:33:26,560
panguva yemabiko ekunwa ane musoro, anoremekedzwa.

554
00:33:28,480 --> 00:33:32,440
Alcibiades akadhakwa, tinoudzwa, anokanganisa nhaurirano,

555
00:33:32,440 --> 00:33:35,880
iyo inotendeukira kumubvunzo werunako.

556
00:33:35,880 --> 00:33:38,920
Mutsika dzechiGiriki, muviri waAlcibiades wakanaka

557
00:33:38,920 --> 00:33:43,120
angadai akaonekwa sechiratidzo chekunaka kwake kwetsika, zvakare.

558
00:33:44,280 --> 00:33:46,920
Asi zvinoita seAlcibiades yakatengwa mairi

559
00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:50,680
Socrates' imwe pfungwa yerunako chairwo.

560
00:33:52,400 --> 00:33:56,080
Socrates, anoti, angave akashata kunze,

561
00:33:56,080 --> 00:34:00,960
asi ane runako rwomukati runokunda nokure runako rwomuviri -

562
00:34:00,960 --> 00:34:03,680
uye kuti iye, Alcibiades, anoda Socrates

563
00:34:03,680 --> 00:34:05,560
nokuti ndiye munhu akachenjera kupfuura vose

564
00:34:05,560 --> 00:34:08,000
uye naizvozvo, iyo yakanakisisa.

565
00:34:14,840 --> 00:34:18,520
Nekudaro, kana zvasvika pakuzviwanira runako rwemukati,

566
00:34:18,520 --> 00:34:22,320
Alcibiades yakanga yapera nhanho.

567
00:34:22,320 --> 00:34:25,200
Akafunga kuti kunaka kwake kwaigona kumubatsira,

568
00:34:25,200 --> 00:34:29,520
asi hurongwa hwake hwejongwe hwekunyengedza Socrates hwakarambwa.

569
00:34:29,520 --> 00:34:31,560
“Uri kuronga kuwana runako chairwo

570
00:34:31,560 --> 00:34:34,480
"mukuchinjana nekuonekwa kwayo," akadaro Socrates.

571
00:34:34,480 --> 00:34:36,760
"Iyo ingava goridhe rebhuronzi".

572
00:34:42,640 --> 00:34:46,640
Kuna Socrates, matarenda evechidiki vechidiki aive asina maturo

573
00:34:46,640 --> 00:34:49,120
pasina uchenjeri hwokuashandisa zvakanaka.

574
00:34:50,320 --> 00:34:53,800
Nokuita nharo navo, akanga achisunda mwoyo murefu weAtene.

575
00:34:55,800 --> 00:34:58,680
Asi Socrates haana kukanganisa nheyo dzake ...

576
00:34:59,960 --> 00:35:04,640
..sezvinoratidzwa munyaya yeOracle yeDelphi.

577
00:35:09,360 --> 00:35:12,400
Tinoudzwa kuti shamwari yaSocrates, inonzi Chaerephon,

578
00:35:12,400 --> 00:35:15,560
munhu ane manyawi kubva kumaakaundi ese,

579
00:35:15,560 --> 00:35:18,560
akauya pano parwendo, kunzvimbo inoera iyi.

580
00:35:22,120 --> 00:35:25,880
Delphi yakanga yave iri nzvimbo yekuzvipira kwechitendero kwemakore 2 000.

581
00:35:29,120 --> 00:35:31,920
Chaerephon, nenzira inoremekedzwa nenguva,

582
00:35:31,920 --> 00:35:35,720
akakwira nenzira inoera kuti abvunze mubvunzo wamwari Apollo,

583
00:35:35,720 --> 00:35:37,480
akataura kubudikidza nomupristakadzi.

584
00:35:42,120 --> 00:35:44,120
Paakazosvika paOracle,

585
00:35:44,120 --> 00:35:49,320
akabvunza, "Pane mumwe munhu akachenjera kupfuura Socrates?"

586
00:35:49,320 --> 00:35:51,360
Uye mhinduro yakadzoka -

587
00:35:51,360 --> 00:35:52,560
"Kwete".

588
00:35:57,240 --> 00:35:59,960
Chaerephon akatora meseji kuna Socrates,

589
00:35:59,960 --> 00:36:03,560
uyo nenzira yakajairika, akabvunza mazwi aOracle.

590
00:36:05,640 --> 00:36:08,880
Kunyangwe mazwi aApollo - mwari, nekuda kwedenga -

591
00:36:08,880 --> 00:36:11,280
yakanga iri pasi pekuongororwa kwaSocrates.

592
00:36:11,280 --> 00:36:15,880
Akatanga kuongorora vanhu vaiva nembiri yeuchenjeri.

593
00:36:15,880 --> 00:36:18,440
kana rumwe rudzi rweruzivo rwenyanzvi.

594
00:36:20,320 --> 00:36:24,520
Mushure mekubvunzurudza vakuru vehurumende, vananyanduri nemhizha.

595
00:36:24,520 --> 00:36:28,680
akawana kuti vose vakanga vasina uchenjeri hwavaitaura.

596
00:36:31,800 --> 00:36:36,160
Pakupedzisira, Socrates akagumisa kuti Oracle yakanga yakarurama.

597
00:36:36,160 --> 00:36:40,960
Akanga akachenjera kupfuura vanhu vose, asi chete, nokuti sezvaakataura,

598
00:36:40,960 --> 00:36:44,160
"Handiite sendinoziva zvandisingazive."

599
00:36:55,760 --> 00:36:57,400
Socrates akanga akachenjera zvikuru

600
00:36:57,400 --> 00:37:00,800
nokuti akaziva muganhu wokunzwisisa kwake.

601
00:37:01,960 --> 00:37:04,320
Nokufumura pachena kunyepedzera kwenhema

602
00:37:04,320 --> 00:37:07,360
nekusaziva kweavo vaiti vanoziva chokwadi.

603
00:37:07,360 --> 00:37:09,920
aisungirwa kuita vavengi.

604
00:37:09,920 --> 00:37:12,120
Asi pakanga pane chimwe chinhu pamusoro paSocrates

605
00:37:12,120 --> 00:37:13,880
izvo zvakatonyanya kushungurudza.

606
00:37:13,880 --> 00:37:18,400
Akataura kuti ane daimonion yake pachake, kana kuti mudzimu unotungamirira.

607
00:37:18,400 --> 00:37:22,320
Rudzi rwenhare yekurukurirano kunyika yemashura.

608
00:37:31,840 --> 00:37:36,520
Uyu daimonion akataura naye panguva dzetrance-like episode.

609
00:37:36,520 --> 00:37:38,920
Zvakamuyambira kuti asaite zvisarudzo zvisina kururama.

610
00:37:40,320 --> 00:37:43,760
Pane imwe nguva, rakakurudzira kusapinda mune zvematongerwo enyika.

611
00:37:44,960 --> 00:37:47,760
Vateveri vaSocrates vangadai vakashamiswa nazvo

612
00:37:47,760 --> 00:37:50,720
Kudanwa kwaMwari kwakasarudzika,

613
00:37:50,720 --> 00:37:52,360
asi munhuwo zvake weAtene

614
00:37:52,360 --> 00:37:56,240
angadai akavhiringika uye kuvhiringidzwa zvikuru nazvo.

615
00:37:56,240 --> 00:37:58,720
Usakanganwa, ino inguva nenzvimbo

616
00:37:58,720 --> 00:38:03,000
uko tsika, kuzvipira uye kutenda zvese zvinoitika pachena,

617
00:38:03,000 --> 00:38:05,400
sechikamu chechiitiko chakagoverana.

618
00:38:06,880 --> 00:38:10,160
Kwete izvozvo chete, asi tsika dzechivanhu dzechiGiriki dzaifungidzira nyika

619
00:38:10,160 --> 00:38:12,440
kuiswa nemidzimu -

620
00:38:12,440 --> 00:38:13,960
havasi vese vakanaka.

621
00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:24,040
Socrates' unorthodox, private spirituality

622
00:38:24,040 --> 00:38:25,760
zvinogona nyore kuvhiringidzwa ne

623
00:38:25,760 --> 00:38:28,160
mashiripiti akasviba, anonetsa.

624
00:38:29,240 --> 00:38:31,760
Vamwe vaigomera vachiti muroyi.

625
00:38:34,480 --> 00:38:36,840
Mutsika dzechitendero chepamusoro ichi,

626
00:38:36,840 --> 00:38:39,800
muzivi akanga achizvipinza amene pachena kuti anyadzise.

627
00:38:41,680 --> 00:38:47,000
Runyerekupe rwenhema uye manyepo zvaizosvika padanho reruzhinji,

628
00:38:47,000 --> 00:38:49,560
kukurudzira rudzi rwemashoko asiri iwo

629
00:38:49,560 --> 00:38:53,200
izvo zvaizopedzisira zvareva njodzi kuna Socrates.

630
00:39:03,800 --> 00:39:07,320
Fungidzira Socrates, achimhanya kumusoro kuno kunhandare yemitambo yeDionysus

631
00:39:07,320 --> 00:39:10,280
muchirimo, 423 BC.

632
00:39:10,280 --> 00:39:13,080
Anowana zvimwe zvekudya zvekudya panguva yeshoo -

633
00:39:13,080 --> 00:39:15,400
chickpeas, maonde, nzungu -

634
00:39:15,400 --> 00:39:17,320
vachigara pasi kuti vaone drama.

635
00:39:19,560 --> 00:39:22,680
Ari pano kuzoona imwe comedy itsva, inonzi Clouds,

636
00:39:22,680 --> 00:39:26,440
nemukomana wechidiki weAtenean theatre, Aristophanes -

637
00:39:26,440 --> 00:39:29,840
22 chete uye achida kuratidza chiratidzo chake.

638
00:39:31,840 --> 00:39:36,160
Parizvino munhu mukuru muguta, Socrates anoonekwa semutambo wakanaka -

639
00:39:36,160 --> 00:39:39,160
uye akatamba zvisina tsitsi.

640
00:39:39,160 --> 00:39:41,920
Anoratidzwa semunhu anoseka,

641
00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:45,520
mukuru wechikoro chinosekesa chinonzi "the think shop".

642
00:40:01,880 --> 00:40:04,280
KUSEKA

643
00:40:04,280 --> 00:40:07,680
Hunhu hwaSocrates hwakabatanidzwa nedzimwe nyanzvi

644
00:40:07,680 --> 00:40:10,520
avo vaimutsa kufungira kwakakurumbira -

645
00:40:10,520 --> 00:40:14,280
vanyengeri vanonyengera, vakakanganisa nzanga nokuita

646
00:40:14,280 --> 00:40:17,400
"nharo isina simba inokunda yakasimba".

647
00:40:17,400 --> 00:40:20,040
Uye pre-Socratics, avo mune dzimwe nguva,

648
00:40:20,040 --> 00:40:24,320
vakabvisa ukuru hwevamwari nesainzi yavo.

649
00:40:24,320 --> 00:40:26,760
Tinoudzwa kuti Socrates akauya kuimba yemitambo

650
00:40:26,760 --> 00:40:28,560
kuona Aristophanes 'Makore.

651
00:40:28,560 --> 00:40:32,400
Zvaigona kunge zvakanzwa sei, kuzviona achifananidzirwa nenzira iyoyo?

652
00:40:32,400 --> 00:40:36,360
Ndinofunga kuti anofanira kunge akanakidzwa. Pane iyi anecdote yaSocrates

653
00:40:36,360 --> 00:40:40,360
akamira chaizvo muzvigaro zvetheatre,

654
00:40:40,360 --> 00:40:43,520
kuitira kuti vaya vakanga vasingamuzivi vazive kuti aiva ani

655
00:40:43,520 --> 00:40:45,080
uye kuti akanga akaita sei,

656
00:40:45,080 --> 00:40:48,160
sezvo hunhu hwake hwaisekwa pachikuva.

657
00:40:48,160 --> 00:40:53,800
Saka ndinofunga kuti Socrates akavharirwa kubva kune ese aya maitiro enzanga

658
00:40:53,800 --> 00:40:58,360
uye ndinofunga kuti zvinokwanisika kuti angave akanakidzwa nazvo.

659
00:40:58,360 --> 00:41:01,080
Pamusoro pazvo, izvi zvese zvinosekesa,

660
00:41:01,080 --> 00:41:03,360
asi iwe unofunga kuti Socrates anofanira kunetseka nazvo

661
00:41:03,360 --> 00:41:06,160
nzira iyo Aristophanes ari kusarudza kumuratidza?

662
00:41:06,160 --> 00:41:08,960
Ndichifunga nezve, ndinofunga aifanira kunge ari kunetseka.

663
00:41:08,960 --> 00:41:10,600
Iyo musimboti wedemokrasi,

664
00:41:10,600 --> 00:41:14,080
musimboti wedemocracy ndeyekuti vagari vadzidziswe.

665
00:41:14,080 --> 00:41:17,320
Kana usina vagari vakadzidza, democracy haishande.

666
00:41:17,320 --> 00:41:22,280
Imba yemitambo yaive chishandiso chikuru chekudzidzisa vagari veAtene

667
00:41:22,280 --> 00:41:25,040
uye chiyeuchidzo chemufananidzo iwoyo

668
00:41:25,040 --> 00:41:27,400
ingadai yakagara kwemakumi emakore anotevera,

669
00:41:27,400 --> 00:41:30,360
sezvo chizvarwa chose chavaAtene chingadai chakaratidzirwa kwachiri.

670
00:41:30,360 --> 00:41:32,600
Ndiyo yakaenzana yekare yekuedzwa nevezvenhau?

671
00:41:32,600 --> 00:41:35,040
Iri, muAtene yezana ramakore rechishanu, hongu.

672
00:41:56,440 --> 00:41:59,360
Asi mitswe inooneka mumukurumbira waSocrates

673
00:41:59,360 --> 00:42:02,920
zvakanga zvisiri chinhu kana zvichienzaniswa nezvakanga zvichiitika kuAtene pachayo.

674
00:42:08,000 --> 00:42:10,480
Sezvo hondo neSparta yakaenderera mberi,

675
00:42:10,480 --> 00:42:14,080
vanhu vakabvunza kubudirira kwekuedza kwegutsaruzhinji.

676
00:42:15,680 --> 00:42:19,960
Pamwoyo wekusava nechokwadi kwaiva shamwari yepedyo yaSocrates, Alcibiades.

677
00:42:19,960 --> 00:42:22,040
Akanga asarudzwa kuti atungamirire rwendo

678
00:42:22,040 --> 00:42:24,440
kurwisa Sicily muna 415 BC -

679
00:42:24,440 --> 00:42:27,200
chikurusa munhau yehondo yeAtene.

680
00:42:30,000 --> 00:42:32,440
Asi humwe husiku, vasati vaenda nechikepe,

681
00:42:32,440 --> 00:42:35,160
mumwe munhu akapinda mumigwagwa yeAtene,

682
00:42:35,160 --> 00:42:39,200
zvifananidzo zvinocheka zvamwari anodzivirira, Hermes.

683
00:42:39,200 --> 00:42:43,000
Runyerekupe rwakapararira kuti Alcibiades neshamwari dzake dzepamusoro

684
00:42:43,000 --> 00:42:47,080
vaiva vapambi, chikamu chezano rokuderedza demokrasi.

685
00:42:48,640 --> 00:42:51,960
Shure muAthens, runyerekupe rwakasvika pakushatirwa

686
00:42:51,960 --> 00:42:57,040
uye Alcibiades akarairwa kumba kuti atarisana nemhosva pamhosva dzekusapira.

687
00:42:57,040 --> 00:42:59,440
Asi zvadaro, ari munzira, akabva anyangarika.

688
00:42:59,440 --> 00:43:03,160
Uye kwaakazoonekwa zvakare kwakashamisa munhu wese.

689
00:43:03,160 --> 00:43:05,320
Akasimuka, mutengesi,

690
00:43:05,320 --> 00:43:08,400
pachipfuva chemuvengi mukuru weAtene,

691
00:43:08,400 --> 00:43:09,600
Sparta.

692
00:43:16,680 --> 00:43:18,880
Alcibiades 'inokuvadza kukanganisa

693
00:43:18,880 --> 00:43:22,920
zvakawedzera kuzvidya mwoyo kwevanhu vanotya mwari.

694
00:43:22,920 --> 00:43:25,000
Vaida mbudzi yokufira mbudzi -

695
00:43:25,000 --> 00:43:28,120
uye Socrates akasvibiswa nesonganiro.

696
00:43:30,640 --> 00:43:32,800
Asi anoita seasina hanya,

697
00:43:32,800 --> 00:43:36,720
Kutsvaka kuziva chakanaka nechakaipa pamusoro pezvimwe zvose.

698
00:43:40,640 --> 00:43:45,400
Saka apo muzivi akapinda zvisingatarisirwi muhupenyu hweveruzhinji mumakore ake makumi matanhatu,

699
00:43:45,400 --> 00:43:48,080
akanga ari mukosi yokubonderana neAtene.

700
00:43:55,480 --> 00:43:59,320
Akava presiding officer panyaya yainetsa mupfungwa,

701
00:43:59,320 --> 00:44:03,480
drama rake raiitwa pano pachikomo chePynx.

702
00:44:03,480 --> 00:44:06,120
Vakuru vatanhatu veAtene vakanyadzisa

703
00:44:06,120 --> 00:44:09,280
vaipomerwa mhosva yekutadza kuunganidza zvitunha zvemasoja,

704
00:44:09,280 --> 00:44:10,560
kurasika pagungwa.

705
00:44:13,880 --> 00:44:17,400
Veruzhinji vakadaidzira kuti vakuru vemauto vatongwe pamwe chete.

706
00:44:17,400 --> 00:44:19,040
mukutyora mutemo weAtene.

707
00:44:20,440 --> 00:44:22,960
Asi Socrates akaramba kutsvairwa

708
00:44:22,960 --> 00:44:25,040
nekutsiva kweboka revanhu.

709
00:44:27,760 --> 00:44:30,160
Kunyangwe kutyisidzirwa nekupomerwa mhosva yekupandukira,

710
00:44:30,160 --> 00:44:32,520
Socrates akaramba kutsutsumwa.

711
00:44:32,520 --> 00:44:35,920
Aisada kupindira mudare rekangaroo iri.

712
00:44:35,920 --> 00:44:38,600
Zuva parakanga rodoka, pakanga pasisina kugadzikana.

713
00:44:38,600 --> 00:44:42,320
Zvino, mangwanani akatevera, Socrates akasiya nyaya yacho.

714
00:44:42,320 --> 00:44:43,720
Gare gare zuva iroro,

715
00:44:43,720 --> 00:44:47,680
vatungamiriri vese vakaedzwa pano pamwe chete paPnyx -

716
00:44:47,680 --> 00:44:50,440
atongerwa uye ourayiwa.

717
00:44:56,840 --> 00:45:00,240
Kwandiri, iyi nyaya inosanganisira imwe yemafungiro akakosha

718
00:45:00,240 --> 00:45:03,320
kuti Socrates ave achivandudza hupenyu hwake hwose hwevanhu vakuru,

719
00:45:03,320 --> 00:45:06,880
ndiko kuti munhu haafaniri kutsiva.

720
00:45:06,880 --> 00:45:10,280
Uye mune izvi, ari kutendeuka zvachose pamusoro wayo

721
00:45:10,280 --> 00:45:15,640
imwe yenheyo dzehwaro hwetsika dzechinyakare dzechiGiriki,

722
00:45:15,640 --> 00:45:19,440
iyo yaiti unofanira kubatsira shamwari dzako uye kukuvadza vavengi vako.

723
00:45:19,440 --> 00:45:21,000
Uye Socrates anoti, kwete-

724
00:45:21,000 --> 00:45:23,840
nekuti zvese zvaunogona kuita kune mumwe munhu ndezvekuti,

725
00:45:23,840 --> 00:45:27,080
unogona kuvatorera zvinhu zvavo, unogona kukuvadza muviri wavo,

726
00:45:27,080 --> 00:45:30,640
munogona kuvauraya, asi hamungakuvadzi mweya yavo.

727
00:45:30,640 --> 00:45:35,360
Asi kana ukaitira mumwe munhu zvakaipa, uri kukuvadza mweya wako

728
00:45:35,360 --> 00:45:39,600
naizvozvi muchizvitorera munhu akarurama

729
00:45:39,600 --> 00:45:42,680
uye nekudaro, hupenyu hunofadza uye hunobudirira.

730
00:45:42,680 --> 00:45:45,520
Iri rakanga riri guta-nyika raitenda mukururamisira,

731
00:45:45,520 --> 00:45:47,880
aida kuona kururamisira kuchiitwa,

732
00:45:47,880 --> 00:45:51,640
saka mubhuku raSocrates, chirango chinofanira kuva chechimiroi?

733
00:45:51,640 --> 00:45:53,440
Ipfungwa yakanaka.

734
00:45:53,440 --> 00:45:56,200
Anotenda kuti dzimwe nguva, kurangwa kwakakodzera,

735
00:45:56,200 --> 00:46:01,840
asi unoranga mumwe munhu chete maererano nekuedza kurapa mweya wavo

736
00:46:01,840 --> 00:46:06,520
kukuvadza kwavakaita ivo pachavo nekuita zvakaipa.

737
00:46:06,520 --> 00:46:12,320
Saka, chirango chiripo kurapa uye kuchenesa mweya wakakuvadzwa.

738
00:46:12,320 --> 00:46:15,560
Kunyange nanhasi, avo vachiri kunzwa semazano anofambira mberi.

739
00:46:15,560 --> 00:46:19,080
Chokwadi, ndinoreva kuti isu hatisi kubata nemazano aya.

740
00:46:19,080 --> 00:46:23,640
Kunyange nazvino, tichine nharo. Chinangwa chechirango ndechei?

741
00:46:23,640 --> 00:46:26,960
Iko ku... imhando yekutsiva here,

742
00:46:26,960 --> 00:46:29,960
kana kuti rudzi rwechinjo?

743
00:46:29,960 --> 00:46:32,480
Zvino, Socrates akajeka zvachose -

744
00:46:32,480 --> 00:46:35,440
chinangwa chechirango ndechekuchinja.

745
00:46:35,440 --> 00:46:37,720
Iwo mazano anonakidza,

746
00:46:37,720 --> 00:46:40,880
asi vanofanira kuva vakanetsa zvikuru vaAtene;

747
00:46:40,880 --> 00:46:43,880
nekuti anofanira kunge akanzwa sekunge aibvisa

748
00:46:43,880 --> 00:46:46,480
nheyo dzakachengeta nzanga dziri pamwe chete.

749
00:46:46,480 --> 00:46:49,280
Ehe. Zvainge zvaitaridza kupera simba kwavari.

750
00:46:49,280 --> 00:46:51,840
Zvingadai zvakaita sekuti, "Ah, kwete, hausi murume chaiye,

751
00:46:51,840 --> 00:46:55,480
"iwe hausi kumira iwe, urikuitei?"

752
00:46:55,480 --> 00:46:58,160
Neimwe nzira, anenge achitarisira

753
00:46:58,160 --> 00:47:00,560
dzidziso yeMharidzo yepaGomo.

754
00:47:00,560 --> 00:47:03,120
Iwe unoziva, shandura rimwe dama, mupfungwa.

755
00:47:03,120 --> 00:47:05,960
- Asi iye 500 makore pamberi zvose izvozvo. 
- Hongu.

756
00:47:05,960 --> 00:47:10,960
Anozvishingisa sei kufora achibuda munzanga yese?

757
00:47:10,960 --> 00:47:14,440
Nokuti ndinofunga kuti anonyatsotenda

758
00:47:14,440 --> 00:47:17,200
kuti hakuna mumwe munhu angakuvadza mweya wake,

759
00:47:17,200 --> 00:47:20,040
asi kana akatora chikamu muzviito zvisiri pamutemo

760
00:47:20,040 --> 00:47:22,760
kuti akakokwa kuti atore chikamu,

761
00:47:22,760 --> 00:47:27,080
ipapo anenge achikuvadza mweya wake chose chose

762
00:47:27,080 --> 00:47:31,080
uye kutora mukana wake wehupenyu hunofadza uye hunobudirira.

763
00:47:34,040 --> 00:47:35,720
Muzita reuchenjeri nechokwadi.

764
00:47:35,720 --> 00:47:38,120
Socrates akanga akagadzirira kunamira musoro wake

765
00:47:38,120 --> 00:47:41,040
zvine njodzi kumusoro pamusoro pekapendero.

766
00:47:41,040 --> 00:47:43,160
Sezvineiwo, unhu hwaanogoverana

767
00:47:43,160 --> 00:47:46,000
naConfucius naBuddha.

768
00:47:46,000 --> 00:47:47,840
Kune vese vatatu vazivi,

769
00:47:47,840 --> 00:47:50,240
kunyaradzwa kwomunhu oga uye chengeteko yomunhu oga

770
00:47:50,240 --> 00:47:53,160
akauya murombo wechipiri musimboti.

771
00:47:53,160 --> 00:47:57,320
Uye munyaya yaSocrates, kuva noushingi hwezvaanotenda

772
00:47:57,320 --> 00:47:59,920
yaizobvumikisa kuva nhau youpenyu kana kuti rufu.

773
00:48:09,320 --> 00:48:11,480
Sezvo vavengi veAtene vakavhara mukati,

774
00:48:11,480 --> 00:48:13,800
nzanga yakazvipa pachayo.

775
00:48:15,400 --> 00:48:18,760
Rusununguko rwaive rumbozha rwaisakwanisa kuwana.

776
00:48:24,640 --> 00:48:28,240
Pakupedzisira, vaSparta vakaunza Atene pamabvi ake.

777
00:48:28,240 --> 00:48:29,960
Vakakoromora masvingo eguta raro

778
00:48:29,960 --> 00:48:33,480
uye akaisa junta ye30 yakasarudzwa nemaoko oligarchs.

779
00:48:37,680 --> 00:48:39,520
Mapoka erufu aitenderera mumigwagwa

780
00:48:39,520 --> 00:48:43,240
uye zviuru zvevademokrasi "vakanyangarika" -

781
00:48:43,240 --> 00:48:46,080
kumanikidzwa kuenda kuutapwa kana kuurayiwa.

782
00:48:49,200 --> 00:48:51,680
Kunyangwe kurwisa-revolution kwakadzoreredza democracy

783
00:48:51,680 --> 00:48:53,640
mwedzi misere chete gare gare,

784
00:48:53,640 --> 00:48:56,880
yaive democracy yakakanganiswa zvakanyanya,

785
00:48:56,880 --> 00:48:59,640
kutsoropodzwa nekufungirana uye kutsoropodza.

786
00:49:01,320 --> 00:49:03,560
Mumhepo ine chepfu iyi,

787
00:49:03,560 --> 00:49:07,880
Athens pakupedzisira yakasarudza kubata nemhungu yainetsa.

788
00:49:21,280 --> 00:49:24,960
Muna 399 BC, pazera remakore makumi manomwe.

789
00:49:24,960 --> 00:49:27,440
Socrates akanga adzokera mudare.

790
00:49:27,440 --> 00:49:30,480
Panguva ino, HE akanga ari kutongwa.

791
00:49:30,480 --> 00:49:33,920
Zvaaipomerwa zvakaverengwa pano, muAgora,

792
00:49:33,920 --> 00:49:36,440
pedyo nebwe remhiko iri.

793
00:49:36,440 --> 00:49:38,360
Mhosva yekutanga yaive yehuipi -

794
00:49:38,360 --> 00:49:41,240
kuramba vamwari uye kuunza vatsva.

795
00:49:41,240 --> 00:49:44,360
Chechipiri, kuti akanga ashatisa vaduku.

796
00:49:44,360 --> 00:49:47,840
Vese vari vaviri vaigona kutakura chirango chakanyanya -

797
00:49:47,840 --> 00:49:49,040
kuuraya.

798
00:49:54,680 --> 00:49:59,920
Kutongwa kwacho kwakaitwa mudare rechitendero, pachishandiswa ruzivo rwechizvino-zvino.

799
00:49:59,920 --> 00:50:03,080
Wachi yemvura yakayera maawa matatu anobvumirwa

800
00:50:03,080 --> 00:50:04,680
kumhosva yemuchuchisi.

801
00:50:06,080 --> 00:50:08,520
Vaimupomera vakanga vaine zvikonzero zvezvematongerwe enyika here?

802
00:50:08,520 --> 00:50:10,080
Aive ari kudzingwa here

803
00:50:10,080 --> 00:50:15,080
nokuda kwekushamwaridzana kwake nevakakurumbira vanopikisa demokrasi, seAlcibiades?

804
00:50:15,080 --> 00:50:16,920
Zvichida.

805
00:50:16,920 --> 00:50:20,480
Asi akazotanga kuvhura pfungwa dzevadiki

806
00:50:20,480 --> 00:50:22,640
uye nemibvunzo yake yakaoma,

807
00:50:22,640 --> 00:50:24,680
kupikisa mamiriro ezvinhu.

808
00:50:28,640 --> 00:50:31,040
Pakupedzisira, wachi yemvura yakazadzwazve

809
00:50:31,040 --> 00:50:33,320
kuti muzivi azvidzivirire.

810
00:50:34,440 --> 00:50:38,360
Plato anorondedzera kuti Socrates anonzwa sei kuti ari kurwisana nechikonzero chakarasika,

811
00:50:38,360 --> 00:50:42,160
nekuda kwekutsva kwaAristophanes, kukuvadza caricature yake.

812
00:50:50,240 --> 00:50:52,840
"Hazisi mhosva dzangu dzinonditongesa", akadaro.

813
00:50:52,840 --> 00:50:54,640
"asi makuhwa uye makuhwa.

814
00:50:54,640 --> 00:50:56,880
"Handikwanisi kuzvidzivirira -

815
00:50:56,880 --> 00:50:59,680
"zvakafanana netsiva ine mimvuri.

816
00:50:59,680 --> 00:51:02,600
"Muchazvinyengerera kuti ndine mhosva."

817
00:51:05,160 --> 00:51:06,800
Asi, mune yakajairika style,

818
00:51:06,800 --> 00:51:10,000
Socrates anoshandisa kudzivirira kwake kuruma vamwe vake veAtene

819
00:51:10,000 --> 00:51:12,520
kubva pahope dzavo dzetsika.

820
00:51:12,520 --> 00:51:15,640
Iro kutaura kwakanaka, kune hunyanzvi,

821
00:51:15,640 --> 00:51:18,160
asi zvakare zvinotsamwisa uye kuzvikudza,

822
00:51:18,160 --> 00:51:21,360
uye vatongi havazvifariri zvachose.

823
00:51:21,360 --> 00:51:25,200
Guta raimbofeya rusununguko nerusununguko rwekutaura

824
00:51:25,200 --> 00:51:27,920
aisagona kushivirira rusununguko rwokugumbura.

825
00:51:35,880 --> 00:51:39,840
Socrates akatongwa nevarume vanenge 500, vakasarudzwa chero

826
00:51:39,840 --> 00:51:43,560
uye vakatorwa kubva kwese kwese kwakashungurudzika guta-nyika.

827
00:51:44,800 --> 00:51:48,280
Majuro angadai akashandisa mavhoti aya muvhoti yakavanzika.

828
00:51:48,280 --> 00:51:50,600
Dzinde rakasimba rekuregererwa.

829
00:51:50,600 --> 00:51:52,480
Gomba rekutongwa.

830
00:52:01,640 --> 00:52:06,160
Awanikwa aine mhosva, vhoti yechipiri inoitwa kuti aone chirango chake.

831
00:52:07,160 --> 00:52:09,520
Socrates ane mukana wekudzivisa kuurayiwa

832
00:52:09,520 --> 00:52:11,920
nekukurudzira imwe nzira diki -

833
00:52:11,920 --> 00:52:13,920
kazhinji faindi, kana kudzingwa.

834
00:52:15,040 --> 00:52:19,400
Pane kudaro, nekutaura zvakasununguka, zvegutsaruzhinji,

835
00:52:19,400 --> 00:52:21,200
anoita seanokoka kufira kutenda.

836
00:52:22,600 --> 00:52:26,040
Anotaura kuti akararama hupenyu hwake kuitira kubatsira guta.

837
00:52:26,040 --> 00:52:29,320
Akakodzera kuwana mubayiro, kwete kutsiviwa.

838
00:52:29,320 --> 00:52:33,600
Anokurudzira kudya kwemanheru, nekusingaperi, pamubhadharo wevagari.

839
00:52:36,520 --> 00:52:40,360
Kunyomba kwaSocrates kunomurasikirwa nerutsigiro rwakawanda muvhoti yechipiri.

840
00:52:42,280 --> 00:52:45,560
Zvinoita seanotora nhau nehuzivi.

841
00:52:45,560 --> 00:52:48,960
Jury harina kukwanisa kukuvadza mweya wake,

842
00:52:48,960 --> 00:52:51,560
asi vakanga vakuvadza vekwavo.

843
00:52:51,560 --> 00:52:54,360
“Zvino ndava kuenda kunofa uye imi mugorarama.

844
00:52:54,360 --> 00:52:56,680
"Mwari ndivo vanoziva rwendo rwuri nani."

845
00:53:02,160 --> 00:53:05,240
Socrates haana kutya zvaakanga asingazivi,

846
00:53:05,240 --> 00:53:06,600
kusanganisira rufu.

847
00:53:07,720 --> 00:53:10,920
Murume akanzi neOracle ndiye akachenjera kupfuura vamwe vose

848
00:53:10,920 --> 00:53:15,240
akanga zvino atongerwa rufu nokuda kwokushandisa uzivi hwake amene.

849
00:53:18,080 --> 00:53:21,400
Chimwe chezvinhu zvandinoona zvichikurudzira pamusoro paSocrates

850
00:53:21,400 --> 00:53:24,760
ndezvokuti kunyange akararama mazana emakore 25 apfuura,

851
00:53:24,760 --> 00:53:28,080
munzira dzakawanda, akationa tichiuya.

852
00:53:28,080 --> 00:53:30,640
Anoshora kufitwa nechitarisiko,

853
00:53:30,640 --> 00:53:32,560
nezvinhu zvenyama,

854
00:53:32,560 --> 00:53:35,360
nokuruka uye nomukurumbira.

855
00:53:35,360 --> 00:53:38,400
Akanga asiri kungoongorora zvinoreva hupenyu,

856
00:53:38,400 --> 00:53:41,120
asi zvinoreva upenyu hwedu pachedu.

857
00:53:41,120 --> 00:53:42,440
Ingoteerera kune izvi.

858
00:53:43,920 --> 00:53:46,400
"Ah, shamwari yangu, sei iwe,

859
00:53:46,400 --> 00:53:49,840
"Ivo vari vagari veguta guru uye rakachenjera reAtene,

860
00:53:49,840 --> 00:53:54,440
"unofunga nezve kuunganidza pfuma nekukudzwa uye mukurumbira?

861
00:53:54,440 --> 00:53:59,680
"Uye zvishoma nezvehuchenjeri nechokwadi uye nekuvandudzwa kwemweya?

862
00:54:00,960 --> 00:54:02,800
"Haunyare here?"

863
00:54:07,800 --> 00:54:11,280
Socrates aifanira kumirira mwedzi kuti aurawe -

864
00:54:11,280 --> 00:54:14,120
mutongo waida kumunyaradza.

865
00:54:15,120 --> 00:54:18,080
Asi kufa kwaSocrates mumaoko evanhu

866
00:54:18,080 --> 00:54:20,160
akapa zvinhu zvakakwana

867
00:54:20,160 --> 00:54:23,800
nokuda kwekumuka kwake semufiri wepfungwa -

868
00:54:23,800 --> 00:54:26,680
rudzi rwemuzivi wepurani.

869
00:54:26,680 --> 00:54:29,560
Uye zvinoshamisa, chii chakachengetedza nhaka yake

870
00:54:29,560 --> 00:54:33,680
ndicho chinhu chaakanga asina hanya nehupenyu hwake hwose -

871
00:54:33,680 --> 00:54:35,320
shoko rakanyorwa.

872
00:54:36,640 --> 00:54:40,640
Vatsigiri vake vakanyora nhoroondo dzakadzama dzehupenyu hwake hunoshamisa,

873
00:54:40,640 --> 00:54:43,960
kusafa pfungwa dzake nemweya wake.

874
00:54:43,960 --> 00:54:45,480
Nemashoko avo,

875
00:54:45,480 --> 00:54:50,400
rake rinochinja-chinja, izwi rekuita nhoroondo rinotsungirira .

876
00:54:50,400 --> 00:54:53,320
Ndichiri kubvunza mibvunzo inoongorora, yepasirese

877
00:54:53,320 --> 00:54:56,880
izvo, kunyangwe nhasi, zviri pamwoyo wemaitiro edu ekukosha.

878
00:54:56,880 --> 00:54:58,600
Chii chinoita kuti tive vakanaka?

879
00:54:58,600 --> 00:55:00,480
Chii chinonzi kururamisira?

880
00:55:00,480 --> 00:55:01,840
Tingafara sei?

881
00:55:03,960 --> 00:55:08,400
Socrates ndiye akakurudzira Plato naAristotle -

882
00:55:08,400 --> 00:55:10,520
hofori mbiri dzefilosofi,

883
00:55:10,520 --> 00:55:15,240
vane pfungwa dzaizoumba budiriro yekuMadokero nekuMabvazuva kusvika nhasi.

884
00:55:17,240 --> 00:55:18,920
Mushure mekufa kwaSocrates,

885
00:55:18,920 --> 00:55:23,200
Plato akasiya zvishuvo zvake zvezvematongerwe enyika mukusemburwa

886
00:55:23,200 --> 00:55:26,880
uye akamisa Academy yake, iyo yaizoenderera mberi senzvimbo yekudzidza

887
00:55:26,880 --> 00:55:29,760
kwemakore anenge 1,000.

888
00:55:29,760 --> 00:55:32,040
Ichi chivakwa iAthens 'yezvino Academy

889
00:55:32,040 --> 00:55:34,360
uye ingori mamaira mashoma kubva pane yepakutanga.

890
00:55:34,360 --> 00:55:37,920
Uye chikamu chetiweki yezvikoro zvedzidzo,

891
00:55:37,920 --> 00:55:42,200
pasi pose, tichikurudzirwa nomuenzaniso iwoyo weAtene.

892
00:55:59,280 --> 00:56:01,600
Pazuva rekuurayiwa kwaSocrates,

893
00:56:01,600 --> 00:56:05,320
shamwari dzake nemhuri dzakashungurudzika vakauya kuno kuAgora.

894
00:56:05,320 --> 00:56:09,840
Nzvimbo iyo Socrates akanga ambofamba akasununguka yakanga yava chizarira chake.

895
00:56:13,320 --> 00:56:14,640
Asi akadzikama.

896
00:56:16,280 --> 00:56:20,720
Akadzikama, anosimudza kapu diki inouraya yehemlock chepfu...

897
00:56:20,720 --> 00:56:21,960
nezvinwiwa.

898
00:56:28,560 --> 00:56:30,760
Tinoudzwa mashoko ekupedzisira aSocrates

899
00:56:30,760 --> 00:56:32,920
sezvo hemlock inouraya yakatanga kushanda,

900
00:56:32,920 --> 00:56:36,440
"Crito, tine chikwereti chejongwe kuna Asclepius."

901
00:56:37,480 --> 00:56:39,440
Nemharidzo iyi,

902
00:56:39,440 --> 00:56:41,640
kunyange pakuda kufa.

903
00:56:41,640 --> 00:56:44,800
akaita kuti vateveri vake nenyanzvi dzomunguva yemberi vafungidzire.

904
00:56:48,200 --> 00:56:52,320
Akanga achizviratidzira amene kuva akarurama kupfurikidza nokukumbira mumwe wavamwari veguta racho here?

905
00:56:53,480 --> 00:56:57,400
Kana kuti aipa kutenda mwari wekuporesa

906
00:56:57,400 --> 00:57:00,520
nokuda kwokumununura pachirwere chokuvapo?

907
00:57:02,040 --> 00:57:05,200
Socrates anogona kunge akatsamwa,

908
00:57:05,200 --> 00:57:09,240
asi mubvunzo wake wakatsiga wekuti zvinorevei kuva munhu

909
00:57:09,240 --> 00:57:12,840
ichine resonance yakakwana.

910
00:57:12,840 --> 00:57:15,960
Nekutaura kuti kuipa kwekupedzisira kusaziva

911
00:57:15,960 --> 00:57:19,200
uye kuti upenyu hwakanaka hwatinogona kuwana,

912
00:57:19,200 --> 00:57:23,960
anotidenha tose kuti tisambofa takasafunga.

913
00:57:28,120 --> 00:57:31,720
"Upenyu husina kuongororwa hauna kukodzera kurarama."

914
00:57:35,120 --> 00:57:36,800
Akafukidza musoro wake,

915
00:57:36,800 --> 00:57:41,720
hapana akaona nguva yekupedzisira, apo mweya unokosha waSocrates

916
00:57:41,720 --> 00:57:47,440
akatsvedza kubva pachiso chakashata, chinonyomba, chisingakanganwiki.

917
00:57:58,000 --> 00:57:59,920
Kana pfungwa dzaSocrates dzakuita kuti ufunge,

918
00:57:59,920 --> 00:58:02,680
wozoongorora zvakare neThe Open University

919
00:58:02,680 --> 00:58:06,440
kuziva kuti pfungwa huru dzakapesvedzera sei kufunga kwedu nhasi.

920
00:58:06,440 --> 00:58:07,880
Tevedzera kero iri pachiratidziri

921
00:58:07,880 --> 00:58:10,360
uyezve zvinongedzo kuThe Open University.

922
00:58:14,120 --> 00:58:18,240
Nguva inotevera, ndinonzvera muzivi wechirume, Confucius.

923
00:58:19,920 --> 00:58:23,640
Kuedza kwake kupesvedzera vatongi venguva yake kwakaguma nekukundikana...

924
00:58:25,560 --> 00:58:28,760
..asi chiono chake chenzanga inowirirana,

925
00:58:28,760 --> 00:58:32,000
rakafuridzirwa nemadzimambo akachenjera ekare

926
00:58:32,000 --> 00:58:36,760
pakupedzisira yaizoumba imwe yebudiriro hurusa yenyika.